The seven Class I freight railways in Canada and the US, Union Pacific, Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway, Kansas City Southern, CSX Transportation, Canadian National, Canadian Pacific, and Norfolk Southern. These seven railways are presented as case studies. To e n a ble comparison, the information provided in relation to each railway is consistent. An overview of each railway is provided, followed by the manifest rail, bulk rail, and i n t e r m o d a l r a i l options available. Each of the three shipping options is then examined in the context of sales, account management, pricing, consumer experience, and technology. This information has then been synthesized to determine the key commercial shipper pain points and the touchpoints in the commercial shipper journey. A l l o f t h e c o m p a nies have opportunities where the implementation of digital and a n a l y t i c s w o u l d benefit their o p e r a t i o s . DEFINITIONS The definitions that have b...