PARC, owned by Xerox, can be accredited for many of today's technological advances. They have created $1 trillion in new industries and have almost 6,000 patents and applications. Their mission is to create the "Open Innovation Center of the 21st Century".

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

PARC provides "custom R&D services, technology, expertise, best practice and intellectual property to a whole range of companies, from Fortune 500 and Global 1000 firms to startups and government agencies all over the world".
They are located in Silicon Valley, and operate globally.

PARC has created $1 trillion in new industries, $60 billion in startups, and has almost 6,000 patents and patent applications.

HISTORY
 PARC, established in 1970, has been key to many of the "most important technological breakthroughs of our time".
 PARC HISTORIC TIMELINE 
1970- Xerox PARC founded. Their group of scientist become known as the "Architects of Information". They establish the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center.
1971- Creates a bit-mapped laser for printing
1972- Smalltalk is designed and object oriented programming revolutionizes the software industry.
1973- The Alto PC personal workstation is created with a client server architecture.
1973- An internal memo from a scientist proposes to link workstations, files, and printers together. Ethernet is born.
1973- Superpaint records the first video image.
1974- WYSIWYG- PARC coins this phrase to describe cut-and-paste editing. (What You See Is What You Get)
1974- Bravo word processing is introduced. This will later become Microsoft Word.
1975- GUI (graphical user interface) is debuted.
1977- Very Large Scale circuit design is introduced.
1979- Natural Language Processing is introduced and enables spell checking.
1980- Optical storage that is non-erasable technology is developed.
1982- The first fiber optic cable becomes operational.
1983- a-Si for printing is developed. It is a silicon, thin film transistor.
1986- Multi-beam lasers that print twice as fast are developed.
1987- PARC designs UNICODE, a multilingual coding system.
1988- They coin the term Ubiquitous computing.
1989- Embedded data glyphs are developed.
1990- Cognitive capacities are incorporated to visualize large amounts of information.
1990- Multi-user virtual worlds are created.
1992- Collaborative filtering is implemented.
1997- Blue lasers are introduced.
2000- Electronic usable paper is developed.
2001- Biomedical systems are developed to accelerate discoveries in life sciences.
2007- Powerseat language search company partners with PARC and develop breakthrough technology in consumer searches.
2010- PARC partners with PowerCloud to offer cloud managed networking solutions.
2017- PARC partners with Metawave to build AI technology solutions.

COMPANY CULTURE
 PARC is the champion of the "entrepreneurial scientist". A scientist that is an innovator that is passionate about "deep research".
They pride themselves on a collaborative and accepting workplace.
They encourage their employees to volunteer, even giving them paid time off.
Their mission is to create the "Open Innovation Center of the 21st Century".

CLEAN ROOM SERVICES
One of their key assets is their Clean Room Services. These facilities allow client to develop prototypes quickly and cost-effectively.
This process can rapidly take projects from concept to production, while working with next generation materials.
 Optoelectronic devices can be fabricated.

FOCUS AREAS
PARC focuses their work around Focus Areas that they believe are the future of technology. These focus areas are led by experts in their fields.

AI & HUMAN MACHINE COLLABORATION
Their work in AI and Human Machine Collaboration is at the forefront of a new era of machine intelligence. Their goal is to create autonomous and self-learning systems.

DIGITAL WORKPLACE
This focus are deals with artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. They work with clients to improve "physical and digital worlds".
"Intelligent assistants, augmented reality, sensors, and analytics-driven services that enable responsive and reconfigurable spaces" are all areas of focus.

NOVEL PRINTING
This focus area covers "on-demand printing, industrial printing, flexible electronics and additive manufacturing".

IOT & MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
The goal of this are is to move towards an IoT empowered world.
"At PARC, we’re working with clients and partners to develop the technologies that can enable this mass transition. With analytics front of mind, our labs are creating smart sensors and systems that enable rapid, reliable and secure data collection at scale. This data can then be used to develop actionable insights, or as the backbone of systems that will be at the forefront of a rapidly changing technology landscape."

DIGITAL DESIGN MANUFACTURING
By working with new algorithms, they are creating new ways to analyze and plan the manufacturing of complex structures.
"Our interdisciplinary work unifies principles of computational physics, geometric reasoning, automated spatial planning, and field modeling to help engineers create entirely new kinds of products — the likes of which many have not yet imagined."

MICROSYSTEMS & SMART DEVICES
By working with hardware systems like "sensors, actuators, displays and cameras, they are reinventing them to be more accessible.
They use smart analytics to improve upon these technologies.

COMPETENCIES
PARC uses Competencies (disciplines). When a new project is encountered, they bring in people from all of their competencies to make sure they stay on the cutting edge.
Their Competencies consist of: AI & Human-Machine Collaboration, IoT & Machine Intelligence, Digital Design & Manufacturing, Microsystems & Smart Devices, Novel Printing, Digital Workplace.
More information on each Competency can be found here.

RECENT ACCOMPLISHMENTS/PRESS RELEASES
USING IOT AND AI TO IMPROVE RAIN MAINTENANCE
PARC used MOXI technology to improve Japan's railways.
 MOXI utilizes model based algorithms that "enabled 90% higher accuracy and low false alarm rates". This enabled them to run on time more often.

ENERGY STORAGE & AIR QUALITY-
PARC secured two CalSEED awards to improve energy storage and air quality.
With these awards they will develop a desalination battery and a membrane-based Electrochemical CO2 Removal System.

SPACE R&D
PARC is partnering with Blue Origin to enhance awareness and interest of conducting R&D in space.
They will focus on "advanced manufacturing, energy systems, human-machine interaction, and predictive analytics."

INKLESS PHOTONIC PRINTING SOLUTIONS
PARC is partnering with Datalase to develop laser based hardware solutions, including color-changing pigment technologies.

IMPROVING GRID RELIABILITY
The US Department of Energy awarded PARC a grant to develop TRANSENSOR, a monitoring system. It will provide real time asset health readouts.

ULTRA THIN AUDIO SPEAKERS
PARC has partnered with FlexTech to develop a paper like smart tag that has a thin audio speaker.
This product is geared for applications in packaging, prosthetics, robotics, and smart cities and homes.

HEALTH CARE SOLUTIONS
PARC has partnered with Innovation Labs to take on health care issues by using medical technology, engineering, and robotics.

DARPA (DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY)- EXPLAINABLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
PARC has been selected by DARPA to develop a highly interactive "sense making system called COGLE (Common Ground Learning and Explanation), which may explain the learned performance capabilities of autonomous systems to human users."
"The key idea behind COGLE is to establish common ground between concepts and abstractions used by humans and the capabilities learned by a machine. These learned representations would then be exposed to the human via COGLE’s rich sense-making interface, enabling people to understand and predict the behavior of an autonomous system."

MODELING TOOLS FOR MANUFACTURING
"DARPA Chooses PARC, Siemens, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Michigan State University to Develop Modeling Tools to Transform State-of-the-Art Manufacturing"
The goal of this technology is to expand computer aided design.
“This project will have significant impact for high-performance products in specialized industries such as aerospace, defense, automotive, energy production, manufacturing tooling, medical devices and consumer products,” said Dr. Suraj Musuvathy, Senior Scientist, Siemens Corporate Technology"

AI RESEARCH
"PARC, a Xerox company, today announced it has been selected, alongside University at Buffalo, for a DARPA project to develop novel hybrid methods that combine multi-physics, equation-based models with data-driven machine learning models [such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs)] to enable predictive modeling of complex systems in the presence of imperfect models and sparse and noisy data."
“We’re teaching physics to AI systems,” said the grant’s principal investigator Rahul Rai, PhD, associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering in UB’s School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. “We are developing hybrid methods that integrate physics-based models — these are math-based formulas that explain the world around us, such as Einstein’s E=MC2 — into the algorithms that guide machine learning, deep learning and other data-driven AI systems,”

CONFIGURATION SECURITY PROJECT
"The Palo Alto Research Center, Inc. (PARC, a Xerox company) and George Mason University (GMU) have been awarded a contract from the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) Configuration Security program (ConSec). Within ConSec, researchers from PARC and GMU will collaborate on a project christened SCIBORG: Secure Configurations for the Internet of Things (IoT) based on Optimization and Reasoning on Graphs. The goal of SCIBORG is to devise fundamentally new approaches to determine security configurations that protect critical infrastructure and IoT-based systems.
"SCIBORG will measure its success in terms of the reduction of the impact of potential attacks".

LOW COST CO2 SENSORS
The US Department of Energy selected PARC to develop- low cost CO2 sensors.
These sensors heat up when they detect CO2.

PARTNERSHIP TO DEVELOP ADVANCED MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
PARC has a "partnership with University of Wisconsin-Madison, by DARPA, for a project in the Engineering Fundamental Design (FUN DESIGN) program. DARPA, whose mission is to identify and pursue high-risk, high-payoff research initiatives for national security across a broad spectrum of science and engineering disciplines, announced the first programs under its new Disruptioneering effort".

CURRENT BREAKTRHOUGH TECHNOLOGIES
WAVELENGTH SHIFT DETECTOR
This detector, developed by PARC, can monitor light sources at extremely high resolution and is a low cost unit.

FITTLE
 Fittle focuses on behavior changes to improve health. It employs mobile sensing.
It is a smartphone app that incorporates group support, rewards, tracking and logging.

HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING TECHNOLOGY
"PARC is actively working to enable the hyperspectral imaging ecosystem with PARC’s hyperspectral imaging technology, which is the only such technology with the size, weight, cost and performance suitable for mass-market adoption. Based on an elegant reversal of the operating principle of a liquid-crystal display, the PARC technology relies on a liquid-crystal layer about as thick as a human hair to encode hyperspectral information. It can therefore be integrated anywhere image sensors are currently used, including on smartphones." 

HIPERGRAPH
 Hipergraph is an algorithm to analyze complex data sets.

HAND-HELD FLOW CYTOMETER
This cytometer is used in research settings to examine biological cells.

FILAMENT EXTENSION ATOMIZER
This innovation tackles the problems of difficult to spray materials.
Its applications include consumer application, medical, spray coating, and food processing.

MAKESIM
 Makesim introduces novel "geometric reasoning techniques" to improve 3D printing.

SELF-COOLING PAINT
This paint can cool any surface up to 10 degrees.

FIBER OPTIC SENSING SYSTEMS
These sensing systems are for asset monitoring. They are more cost effective.

FIELDS
This is a new approach for computer aided design.

DIALOG SYSTEMS
This technology explores virtual assistants, call centers, and other applications for interactive dialog.

PRINTED GAS SENSING
This is a low cost technology to monitor a wide variety of gasses.

COEXTRUSION
 Mircofluidic printing technology is used to create coatings.

IIOT SYSTEM ANALYTICS
 MOXI IIoT Analytics use AI to predict at 90% accuracy.

ULTRAVIOLET AND VISIBLE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS
"High Performance Optoelectronic Laser Device Technology-Since the invention of the laser in 1958, these sophisticated devices have continued to revolutionize our lives. In the process, they have contributed to the generation of an enormous list of new applications in the fields of telecommunications, data storage, consumer electronics, spectroscopy, materials processing, bio-photonics, and life sciences. "

MICRO ASSEMBLER PRINTER
Digital processing is used to rapidly assemble micro objects.

RESEARCH STRATEGY
Please note that quotation marks were used to not alter the scientific jargon.